So I think the particle system is optimized for this kind of use case, but I don’t know of its specific benchmarks/it will vary depending on whether you’re testing on a desktop, or mobile device etc.
The good news is Cesium has definitely been used to simulate and visualize these sorts of wind fields before. Here’s one I found from a quick google search:
I can see that they’re using geometry/primitives in order to get the maximum performance. So I would try with particles, and if you’re experiencing a slow down, you might try using the primitives directly. This is a good guide on that: